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TRIzol reagent contains guanidinium thiocyanate and phenol.. TRIzol is a widely used [1] chemical solution used in the extraction of DNA, RNA, and proteins from cells. The solution was initially used and published by Piotr Chomczyński and Nicoletta Sacchi in 1987.
RNA partitions in the aqueous phase, while proteins and DNA partition into the organic/interphase (left). The RNA is then precipitated in an alcohol (right). Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction (abbreviated AGPC) is a liquid–liquid extraction technique in biochemistry and molecular biology.
Guanidinium thiocyanate can be used to deactivate a virus, such as the influenza virus that caused the 1918 "Spanish flu", so that it can be studied safely.. Guanidinium thiocyanate is also used to lyse cells and virus particles in RNA and DNA extractions, where its function, in addition to its lysing action, is to prevent activity of RNase enzymes and DNase enzymes by denaturing them.
This procedure is often performed multiple times to increase the purity of the DNA. [2] This procedure yields large double stranded DNA that can be used in PCR or RFLP. If the mixture is acidic, DNA will precipitate into the organic phase while RNA remains in the aqueous phase. This is because DNA is more readily neutralized than RNA.
Silica in a spin column with water and with DNA sample in chaotropic buffer. Spin column-based nucleic acid purification is a solid phase extraction method to quickly purify nucleic acids. This method relies on the fact that nucleic acid will bind to the solid phase of silica under certain conditions.
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