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In photography, bokeh (/ ˈ b oʊ k ə / BOH-kə or / ˈ b oʊ k eɪ / BOH-kay; [1] Japanese:) is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image, whether foreground or background or both. It is created by using a wide aperture lens.
The word "photography" was created from the Greek roots φωτός (phōtós), genitive of φῶς (phōs), "light" [2] and γραφή (graphé) "representation by means of lines" or "drawing", [3] together meaning "drawing with light". [4] Several people may have coined the same new term from these roots independently.
Pictorialism is an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries. There is no standard definition of the term, but in general it refers to a style in which the photographer has somehow manipulated what would otherwise be a straightforward photograph as a means of creating an image rather than simply recording it.
The Art & Architecture Thesaurus states that "fine art photography" (preferred term) or "art photography" or "artistic photography" is "the movement in England and the United States, from around 1890 into the early 20th century, which promoted various aesthetic approaches.
An early theorist of snapshot aesthetic was the Austrian architectural critic, Joseph August Lux, who in 1908 wrote a book called Künstlerische Kodakgeheimnisse (Artistic Secrets of the Kodak) in which he championed the use of Kodak cameras like the Brownie.
Typical headroom framing in Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa or La Gioconda, 1503–1505/1507. The concept of headroom was born with portrait painting techniques. [4] Classical painters used a technique linked to headroom called the "rule of thirds".
Monochrome photography is photography where each position on an image can record and show a different amount of light , but not a different color . The majority of monochrome photographs produced today are black-and-white , either from a gelatin silver process , or as digital photography .
The aesthetic is sometimes described as one of appreciating beauty that is "imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete" in nature. [3] It is prevalent in many forms of Japanese art. [4] [5] Wabi-sabi is a composite of two interrelated aesthetic concepts, wabi and sabi .