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  2. Spherical geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_geometry

    Great circles in many ways play the same logical role in spherical geometry as lines in Euclidean geometry, e.g., as the sides of (spherical) triangles. This is more than an analogy; spherical and plane geometry and others can all be unified under the umbrella of geometry built from distance measurement , where "lines" are defined to mean ...

  3. Spherical circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_circle

    A spherical circle with zero geodesic curvature is called a great circle, and is a geodesic analogous to a straight line in the plane. A great circle separates the sphere into two equal hemispheres, each with the great circle as its boundary.

  4. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    Once the radius is fixed, the three coordinates (r, θ, φ), known as a 3-tuple, provide a coordinate system on a sphere, typically called the spherical polar coordinates. The plane passing through the origin and perpendicular to the polar axis (where the polar angle is a right angle ) is called the reference plane (sometimes fundamental plane ).

  5. List of spherical symmetry groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spherical_symmetry...

    Finite spherical symmetry groups are also called point groups in three dimensions. There are five fundamental symmetry classes which have triangular fundamental domains: dihedral, cyclic, tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral symmetry. This article lists the groups by Schoenflies notation, Coxeter notation, [1] orbifold notation, [2] and order.

  6. Spherical cap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_cap

    In geometry, a spherical cap or spherical dome is a portion of a sphere or of a ball cut off by a plane. It is also a spherical segment of one base, i.e., bounded by a single plane. If the plane passes through the center of the sphere (forming a great circle ), so that the height of the cap is equal to the radius of the sphere, the spherical ...

  7. List of formulas in elementary geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_formulas_in...

    The basic quantities describing a sphere (meaning a 2-sphere, a 2-dimensional surface inside 3-dimensional space) will be denoted by the following variables r {\displaystyle r} is the radius, C = 2 π r {\displaystyle C=2\pi r} is the circumference (the length of any one of its great circles ),

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