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Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it can grow without oxygen. [1]
Staphylococcus aureus was first identified in 1880. [13] It is responsible for different infections stemming from an injury. The bacterium overcomes the body's natural mechanisms. Long lasting infections of S. aureus includes pneumonia, meningitis, and osteomyelitis. S. aureus is commonly contracted in hospital settings. [13]
The ability of facultative anaerobic pathogens to survive without oxygen is important since their infection is shown to reduce oxygen levels in their host's gut tissue. [13] Moreover, the ability of facultative anaerobes to limit oxygen levels at infection sites is beneficial to them and other bacteria, as dioxygen can form reactive oxygen ...
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia in North and South America and is also an important cause of community-acquired bacteremia. [14] Skin ulceration or wounds, respiratory tract infections, and IV drug use are the most important causes of community-acquired staph aureus bacteremia.
Anaerobic bacteria can also be isolated in about 35% of individuals who have nosocomial-acquired aspiration pneumonia [25] and pneumonia associated with tracheostomy with and without mechanical ventilation, [26] where they are often isolated along with Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. It is important that ...
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O 2). [1] [2] Oxygen tolerance varies between species, with some species capable of surviving in up to 8% oxygen, while others lose viability in environments with an oxygen concentration greater than 0.5%. [3]
Blood is normally sterile. [1] The presence of bacteria in the blood is termed bacteremia, and the presence of fungi is called fungemia. [2] Minor damage to the skin [3] or mucous membranes, which can occur in situations like toothbrushing or defecation, [4] [5] can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, but this bacteremia is normally transient and is rarely detected in cultures because the ...
S. aureus is also implicated [6] in toxic shock syndrome; during the 1980s some tampons allowed the rapid growth of S. aureus, which released toxins that were absorbed into the bloodstream. Any S. aureus infection can cause the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome , a cutaneous reaction to exotoxin absorbed into the bloodstream.