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Romani people have been recorded in the United Kingdom since at least the early 16th century. There are estimated to be around 225,000 Romani people residing in the UK. This includes the Romanichal, Kale (Welsh Romani), Scottish Lowland Romani and a sizeable population of Roma from Central and Eastern Europe, who immigrated into the UK in the late 1990s/early 2000s and after EU expansion in 2004.
There is a sizable Romani minority in Romania, known as Ţigani in Romanian and, recently, as Rromi, of 621,573 people or 3.3% of the total population (2011 census), although the Council of Europe estimates the figure to be 1.85 million people or 8.32% of the population. [127]
[1] [2] [3] Romani people in the UK share consciousness of themselves as a discrete ethnicity from the non-Romani population, known as Gorjas or country people in England, Scotland and Wales. [1] [5] Despite their differences, there are cultural factors which unite Travellers with Roma and Gypsies.
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) estimated that, in 2012, 101,000 Romanian-born people were resident in the UK. [16] By 2019, this estimate had risen to 427,000. [17] This estimate fell to 345,000 in 2020. [18] The 2021 census recorded 530,320 Romanian-born people resident in England, 8,520 in Wales, [19] and 6,612 in Northern Ireland. [20]
Irish Travellers have a higher fertility rate than the general Irish population; the Central Statistics Office of Ireland recorded in 2016 that 44.5% of Traveller women aged 40–49 had five or more children, compared to 4.2% of women overall in this age group. [53]
In Britain, many Roma proudly identify as "Gypsies", [125] and, as part of the Gypsy, Roma and Traveller grouping, this is the name used to describe all para-Romani groups in official contexts. [126] In North America, the word Gypsy is most commonly used as a reference to Romani ethnicity, though lifestyle and fashion are at times also ...
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The Romanichal (UK: / ˈ r ɒ m ə n ɪ tʃ æ l / US: /-n i-/; more commonly known as English Gypsies) are a Romani subgroup within the United Kingdom and other parts of the English-speaking world. Many Romanichal speak Angloromani , a mixed language that blends Romani vocabulary with English syntax.