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Mercerisation makes the woven cotton fabric stronger, more lustrous, and less abrasive, and improves its dye affinity. Raising lifts the surface fibers to improve the softness and warmth, as in flannelette. Peach Finish subjects the fabric (either cotton or its synthetic blends) to emery wheels, making the surface velvet-like. This is a special ...
Sodium silicate solutions can also be used as a spin-on adhesive layer to bond glass to glass [21] or a silicon dioxide–covered silicon wafer to one another. [22] Sodium silicate glass-to-glass bonding has the advantage that it is a low-temperature bonding technique, as opposed to fusion bonding. [21]
Mercerization is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread that gives fabric or yarns a lustrous appearance and strengthens them. The process is applied to cellulosic materials like cotton or hemp. A further possibility is mercerizing during which the fabric is treated with a sodium hydroxide solution to cause swelling of the fibers.
The process was devised in 1844 by John Mercer, [1] who treated cotton with solutions of 20–30% sodium hydroxide followed by washing. Mercer observed that the treatment shrank the fabric and increased its tensile strength and affinity for dyes. In the original process of Mercer, no tension was applied.
This is the most common way of treating non-washable fabrics. The front of the fabric is sponged with a sponge that is soaked in the solvent being used. The rear of the fabric should be backed up with a clean, absorbent, material. The stain is rubbed with the sponge radially, from the centre of the stain towards its edge.
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
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Generally oxidative bleachings are carried out using sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite or sulfuric acid. Vegetable fibres, animal fibers, and mineral fibres are the three major types of natural fibers. Natural fibers such as cotton, ramie, jute, wool, and regenerated fibers such as bamboo are all generally bleached with oxidative methods. [29]