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The modern use of the term "courtly love" comes from Gaston Paris. He used the term amour courtois ("courtly love") in a 1883 article discussing the relationship between Lancelot and Guinevere in Chrétien de Troyes's Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart (c. 1181). [7] In his article, Paris outlined four principal characteristics of amour courtois:
Book Two concludes (pp. 177–186) by setting out "The Rules of Love". A few examples of these guidelines are listed below (numbered according to the order found in the original work, which contains thirty-one total): 1. Marriage is no real excuse for not loving. 6. Boys do not love until they arrive at the age of maturity. 8.
Modern historians such as D. W. Robertson Jr., [41] John C. Moore, [42] and E. Talbot Donaldson [43] consider the concept of courtly love to be a modern invention. Donaldson called it "The Myth of Courtly Love," on the basis that it is not supported in medieval texts. Other scholars consider courtly love to have been purely a literary convention.
The themes of love were, however, to soon appear, particularly in the Matter of Britain, leading to even the French regarding King Arthur's court as the exemplar of true and noble love, so much so that even the earliest writers about courtly love would claim it had reached its true excellence there, and love was not what it was in King Arthur's ...
The lyric poetry of Europe in this period was created by the pioneers of courtly poetry and courtly love largely without reference to the classical past. [11] The troubadors, travelling composers and performers of songs, began to flourish towards the end of the 11th century and were often imitated in successive centuries.
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It was practised in the 12th and 13th centuries. Thematically, as its name implies, it was a song of courtly love, written usually by a man to his noble lover. Some later chansons were polyphonic and some had refrains and were called chansons avec des refrains.
La Vita Nuova (pronounced [la ˈviːta ˈnwɔːva]; modern Italian for "The New Life") or Vita Nova (Latin and medieval Italian title [1]) is a text by Dante Alighieri published in 1294. It is an expression of the medieval genre of courtly love in a prosimetrum style, a combination of both prose and verse.