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Functional brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging , are common in neuroimaging but rarely used in neuroradiology. Neuroimaging falls into two broad categories: Structural imaging, which is used to quantify brain structure using e.g., voxel-based morphometry.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. [1] [2] This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) Positron emission tomography (PET) Single-unit recording; Transcranial direct-current stimulation (TDCS) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
In 1997, Jürgen R. Reichenbach, E. Mark Haacke and coworkers at Washington University in St. Louis developed Susceptibility weighted imaging. [12] The first study of the human brain at 3.0 T was published in 1994, [13] and in 1998 at 8 T. [14] Studies of the human brain have been performed at 9.4 T (2006) [15] and up to 10.5 T (2019). [16]
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical brain monitoring technique which uses near-infrared spectroscopy for the purpose of functional neuroimaging. [1] Using fNIRS, brain activity is measured by using near-infrared light to estimate cortical hemodynamic activity which occur in response to neural activity.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers.
Xenon computed tomography is a modern scanning technique that reveals the flow of blood to the areas of the brain. The scan tests for consistent and sufficient blood flow to all areas of the brain by having patients breathe in xenon gas, a contrast agent, to show the areas of high and low blood flow. Although many trial scans and tests were ran ...