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Natural plasmoid produced in the near-Earth magnetotail by magnetic reconnection. A plasmoid is a coherent structure of plasma and magnetic fields.Plasmoids have been proposed to explain natural phenomena such as ball lightning, [1] [2] magnetic bubbles in the magnetosphere, [3] and objects in cometary tails, [4] in the solar wind, [5] [6] solar atmosphere, [7] and in the heliospheric current ...
The toroidal ring model, known originally as the Parson magneton or magnetic electron, is a physical model of subatomic particles. It is also known as the plasmoid ring, vortex ring, or helicon ring. This physical model treated electrons and protons as elementary particles, and was first proposed by Alfred Lauck Parson in 1915.
This was the first example of a theory that was able to encompass previously separate field theories (namely electricity and magnetism) to provide a unifying theory of electromagnetism. By 1905, Albert Einstein had used the constancy of the speed-of-light in Maxwell's theory to unify our notions of space and time into an entity we now call ...
In particle physics, the Georgi–Glashow model [1] is a particular Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1974. In this model, the Standard Model gauge groups SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) are combined into a single simple gauge group SU(5) .
Above the unification energy, on the order of 246 GeV, [a] they would merge into a single force. Thus, if the temperature is high enough – approximately 10 15 K – then the electromagnetic force and weak force merge into a combined electroweak force.
A well accepted example of pleomorphism is Helicobacter pylori, which exists as both a helix-shaped form (classified as a curved rod) and a coccoid form. [7] Legionella pneumophila , the species of intracellular bacteria parasite responsible for Legionnaire's disease , has been seen to differentiate within a developmentally diverse network. [ 8 ]
At low luminosities, the objects to be unified are Seyfert galaxies. The unification models propose that in Seyfert 1s the observer has a direct view of the active nucleus. In Seyfert 2s the nucleus is observed through an obscuring structure which prevents a direct view of the optical continuum, broad-line region or (soft) X-ray emission.
In physics, the Pati–Salam model is a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed in 1974 by Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati. Like other GUTs, its goal is to explain the seeming arbitrariness and complexity of the Standard Model in terms of a simpler, more fundamental theory that unifies what are in the Standard Model disparate particles and forces.