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Cutaway of a dual overhead camshaft engine 1969 AMC V8 overhead valve engine. The rocker cover has been removed, so elements of the pushrods, rocker arms, valve springs, and valves are visible. A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. [1]
Introduced in 2001, the Piaggio Beverly has been produced in engine sizes ranging from 125 to 500 cc. Early models were powered by Piaggio's water-cooled L.E.A.D.E.R. engine. In 2005 models with 250 cm 3 and 500 cm 3 displacement were also presented and the engine range was subsequently expanded to 300 cm 3, 350 cm 3 and 400 cm 3 displacement.
All models sport a single-cylinder, four-stroke, multi-valve engine that meets Euro 3 European emission standards, and have a continuously variable transmission (CVT) The 125 cc model has a carburetor 124 cc Lead engine, 11 kW (15 hp), the 250 cc has a liquid-cooled, fuel-injected 244 cc Quasar engine that delivers 16.5 kW (22.1 hp), and the 400 cc model's Master liquid-cooled, electronic fuel ...
Pneumatic valve springs are also found in several Moto GP motorcycle engines, debuting in 2002 with the Aprilia RS Cube. In 2005, Team Roberts was the first to use pneumatic valves full-time in their uncompetitive KTM powered bike. Today, almost all of the MotoGP teams use pneumatic valve technology on their bikes, including Yamaha, Suzuki and ...
Stiffer valve springs can help prevent valve float and valve bounce but at the expense of increased friction losses, higher stresses, and more rapid wear in the valvetrain. Various techniques have been used to offset the effect of stiffer springs, such as dual-spring and progressive-sprung valves, roller-tipped tappets, and pneumatic valve ...
Launched on the market in November 2004, the Fly is a compact low-wheeled scooter developed by Piaggio to be sold globally: production takes place in the Pontedera plants for the European and North American market, while the following year the production in China at the Zongshen-Piaggio Foshan plant to be sold on the Asian market.
The Vespa PX was first presented in 1977 in Milan as the nuova linea model (new line). The Vespa was built with two drum brakes, a single-cylinder air cooled engine (aluminum head) and a steel chassis, but has been improved with a new front suspension and a revised rear axle for more stability.
A blowoff valve is designed to release pressure in the intake system when the throttle is closed. A "recirculating" type blowoff valve releases the pressurised air back into the non-pressurized section of the intake (i.e. upstream of the turbocharger), while an "atmospheric venting" type blowoff valve dumps the air directly into the atmosphere.