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The modern commercial production of potassium carbonate is by reaction of potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide: [3] 2 KOH + CO 2 → K 2 CO 3 + H 2 O. From the solution crystallizes the sesquihydrate K 2 CO 3 ·1.5H 2 O ("potash hydrate"). Heating this solid above 200 °C (392 °F) gives the anhydrous salt.
It is manufactured by treating an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide: [1] K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O → 2 KHCO 3. Decomposition of the bicarbonate occurs between 100 and 120 °C (212 and 248 °F): 2 KHCO 3 → K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. This reaction is employed to prepare high purity potassium carbonate.
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Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate – [NH 4] 2 [Ce(NO 3) 6] Ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate – [NH 4] 4 [Ce(SO 4) 4] Ammonium chloride – [NH 4]Cl [39] Ammonium chlorate – [NH 4]ClO 3 [40] Ammonium cyanide – [NH 4]CN [41] Ammonium dichromate – [NH 4] 2 Cr 2 O 7 [42] Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate – [NH 4]H 2 PO 4; Ammonium hexafluoroaluminate ...
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, (H 2 CO 3), [2] characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula CO 2− 3.The word "carbonate" may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate group O=C(−O−) 2.
The bicarbonate ion (hydrogencarbonate ion) is an anion with the empirical formula HCO − 3 and a molecular mass of 61.01 daltons; it consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens.
This delocalization of the electron means that both of the oxygen atoms are less strongly negatively charged: the positive proton is therefore less strongly attracted back to the carboxylate group once it has left; hence, the carboxylate ion is more stable and less basic as a result of resonance stabilization of the negative
As the groundwater enters the cave, the excess carbon dioxide is released from the solution of the bicarbonate, causing the much less soluble calcium carbonate to be deposited. In the reverse process, dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2) in rainwater (H 2 O) reacts with limestone calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) to form soluble calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO ...