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A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene's locus within a population. [1] In addition to having more than one allele at a specific locus, each allele must also occur in the population at a rate of at least 1% to generally be considered polymorphic. [2] Gene polymorphisms can occur in any region of the genome.
For humans, the Big Five personality traits, also known as the five-factor model (FFM) or the OCEAN model, is the prevailing model for personality traits. When factor analysis (a statistical technique) is applied to personality survey data, some words or questionnaire items used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person.
The basic principle behind psychiatric genetics is that genetic polymorphisms (as indicated by linkage to e.g. a single nucleotide polymorphism) are part of the causation of psychiatric disorders. [1] Psychiatric genetics is a somewhat new name for the old question, "Are behavioral and psychological conditions and deviations inherited?".
Since all polymorphism has a genetic basis, genetic polymorphism has a particular meaning: Genetic polymorphism is the simultaneous occurrence in the same locality of two or more discontinuous forms in such proportions that the rarest of them cannot be maintained just by recurrent mutation or immigration, originally defined by Ford (1940).
For example, the notion of heritability is easily misunderstood to imply causality, or that some behaviour or condition is determined by one's genetic endowment. [79] When behavioural genetics researchers say that a behaviour is X% heritable, that does not mean that genetics causes, determines, or fixes up to X% of the behaviour.
A graphical representation of the typical human karyotype The human mitochondrial DNA. Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations.There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (), a situation called polymorphism.
5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region) is a degenerate repeat (redundancy in the genetic code) polymorphic region in SLC6A4, the gene that codes for the serotonin transporter. Since the polymorphism was identified in the middle of the 1990s, [1] [2] it has been extensively investigated, e.g., in connection with neuropsychiatric ...
An example of a botanical genetic polymorphism is heterostyly, in which flowers occur in different forms with different arrangements of the pistils and the stamens. The system is called heteromorphic self-incompatibility , and the general 'strategy' of stamens separated from pistils is known as herkogamy .