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Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered "real".
The human race as a whole has become wiser as history has moved along. The source of these new alternatives is the human imagination. It is the ability to come up with new ideas, rather than the ability to get in touch with unchanging essences, that is the engine of moral progress." [3]
Wilson's idealism was a precursor to liberal international relations theory, the particular set of viewpoints arising amongst the so-called "institution builders" after World War II. Organizations that came about as a direct result of the war's outcome include the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations (UN) among others.
German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, [ 1 ] and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary politics of the Enlightenment .
[273] [274] Idealism, then, "is the doctrine that finite entities are ideal (ideell): they depend not on themselves for their existence but on some larger self-sustaining entity [i.e., the whole] that underlies or embraces them." [275] The pronoun-expressions – moment, sublate, and idealize – are characteristic of Hegel's account of idealism.
It is generally associated with idealism and was coined by Carl Jung. According to Jung, the human collective unconscious is populated by instincts , as well as by archetypes : ancient primal symbols such as The Great Mother , the Wise Old Man , the Shadow , the Tower, Water, and the Tree of Life . [ 1 ]
Stirling, The Secret of Hegel: Being the Hegelian System in Origin Principle, Form and Matter (see: British idealism) Lange, History of Materialism and Critique of its Present Importance (neo-Kantian work) 1874 Nietzsche, Schopenhauer as Educator; 1885 Josiah Royce, The Religious Aspect of Philosophy (see: Objective idealism)
Idealism (or utopianism) was viewed critically by those who saw themselves as "realists", for instance E. H. Carr. [20] In international relations, idealism (also called "Wilsonianism" because of its association with Woodrow Wilson) holds that a state should make its internal political philosophy the goal of its foreign policy. For example, an ...