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The Atlantic Wall (German: Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom, during World War II.
Hitler visited the Todt battery on 23 December 1940. [31] [32] In 1941, the battery was initially codenamed 18. When integrated into the Atlantic wall, the Todt Battery, its close-combat defensive positions and its anti-aircraft guns formed the strongpoint Stützpunkt (StP) 213 Saitenspiel in 1943, renamed StP 166 Saitenspiel in 1944. [22]
Transfer of air units to the Mediterranean 39 December 8, 1941 Abandoning the Offensive on the Eastern Front: Cancels Operation Barbarossa in reaction to the massive Soviet winter counter-offensive 40 March 23, 1942 Competence of Commanders in Coastal Areas Command Organization of the Coasts Atlantic Wall; [9] [10] 41 April 5, 1942
A total of 225 islanders, such as Peter Crill, escaped from the islands to England or France: 150 from Jersey, and 75 from Guernsey. [11] The number of escapes increased after D-Day, when conditions in the islands worsened as supply routes to the continent were cut off and the desire to join in the liberation of Europe increased.
On 19 January 1944 Adolf Hitler declared eleven places along the Atlantic Wall to be fortresses , to be held until the last man or the last round, calling them Atlantikfestungen (lit. "Atlantic strongholds").
The War Aims and Strategies of Adolf Hitler. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-2054-5. Raeder, Erich (2001) Erich Rader, Grand Admiral: The Personal Memoir of the Commander in Chief of the German Navy From 1935 Until His Final Break With Hitler in 1943. New York: Da Capo Press. United States Naval Institute. ISBN 0-306-80962-1. Schenk, Peter (1990).
The completion of Hitler's campaign in Western Europe meant U-boats withdrawn from the Atlantic for the Norwegian campaign now returned to the war on trade. So at the very time the number of U-boats on patrol in the Atlantic began to increase, the number of escorts available for the convoys was greatly reduced. [53]
The Greater Germanic Reich (German: Großgermanisches Reich), fully styled the Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation (German: Großgermanisches Reich der Deutschen Nation), [4] was the official state name of the political entity that Nazi Germany tried to establish in Europe during World War II. [5]