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Penang National Park is the first protected area legally gazetted under Malaysia's National Park Act of 1980, signifying the state and federal governments' environmental protection efforts. It was established to preserve flora and fauna as well as objects with geological, archaeological , historical, ethnological , scientific, and scenic interests.
By 1991, Penang's population had exceeded one million, with mainland Seberang Perai overtaking Penang Island in population at the same time. [20] However, the state's population growth had begun to slow since the 1970s. In 2020, annual population growth was at 1.3%, a reduction from 2.1% in 2010. [1]
Penang Island is physically connected to mainland Seberang Perai by two road bridges – the 13.5 km (8.4 mi) Penang Bridge and the 24 km (15 mi) Second Penang Bridge. [204] Seberang Perai is accessible through the North-South Expressway , a 966 km-long (600 mi) expressway that stretches along the western part of Peninsular Malaysia .
Other species are found isolated on mountains, such as golden-naped barbets, spot-necked bulbuls, and mountain serpent-eagles. [2] Bulbuls, starlings, and house swifts can be found in urban areas. Crested serpent-eagles and kingfishers can be found. [5] There are ten species of hornbill in Malaysia, the most common of which is the Oriental pied ...
This is a list of islands of Malaysia. According to the Department of Survey and Mapping, Malaysia, there are 879 islands in the country. The state of Sabah has the most islands with 395 islands within its waters. [1] Apart from that, Malaysia also has 510 offshore geographical features which include rocks, sandbanks and ridges. [2]
Borneo has own a wide variety of bird species. The geological history of Borneo is a major factor: long isolation of the island, broken during the last Ice age, when Borneo was connected to the continent of Asia, led to a combination of Asian and native species. There are about 420 species of birds and 37 are endemic to Borneo [4] [5]
Map of Penang Island surveyed by Commander F C P Vereker in 1884. With an area of 295 km 2 (114 sq mi), Penang Island is the fourth largest island wholly in Malaysia, after Banggi Island, Bruit Island and Langkawi Island. It is also the most populated island city in the country, with a population of 794,313 as of 2020. [1]
Island ecology is the study of island organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment. Islands account for nearly 1/6 of earth’s total land area, [1] yet the ecology of island ecosystems is vastly different from that of mainland communities.