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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is domestic violence by a current or former spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] IPV can take a number of forms, including physical , verbal , emotional , economic and sexual abuse .
Johnson, Michael P. (2023). My reactions to “Johnson’s Typology of Intimate Partner Violence: Reflecting on the First 25 Years and Looking Ahead”. Journal of Family Violence. doi: 10.1007/s10896-023-00595-7. Nawaz, Bela and Michael P. Johnson. (May, 2022). Types of domestic violence in Pakistan: Elaborating on Johnson’s typology.
Women are at increased risk of sexual violence, as they are of physical violence by an intimate partner, when they become more educated and thus more empowered. Women with no education were found in a national survey in South Africa to be much less likely to experience sexual violence than those with higher levels of education. [15]
Murder of pregnant women – type of homicide often resulting from domestic violence by a spouse or intimate partner violence (IPV). [22] Parental abuse by children – parents subject to levels of childhood aggression in excess of normal childhood aggressive outbursts, typically in the form of verbal or physical abuse.
Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) deals with sexual violence within the context of domestic violence. Intimate partner sexual violence is defined by any unwanted sexual contact or activity by an intimate partner in order to control an individual through fear, threats, or violence. [1] [2] Women are the primary victims of this type of ...
Her groundbreaking work laid the foundation for modern understandings of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its psychological impacts. [9] Walker's most notable contribution came in 1979 with the publication of her book The Battered Woman , where she introduced the concept of the Cycle of Abuse.
By restricting the victim's access to economic resources, the offender has limited recourses to exit the abusive or violent relationship. [6] The following are ways that abusers may use economic abuse with other forms of domestic violence: Using physical force, or threat of violence, to get money. Providing money for sexual activity.
There are several theories that attempt to explain the use of force within an intimate relationship. Cultural spill-over effect [4] posits that the more a culture supports the use of violence to achieve their objectives, the more likely individuals in that culture will legitimize violence and generalize those beliefs across multiple domains, which include those where the use of violence or ...