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A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text. The largest and most capable LLMs are generative pretrained transformers (GPTs).
The GGUF (GGML Universal File) [26] file format is a binary format that stores both tensors and metadata in a single file, and is designed for fast saving, and loading of model data. [27] It was introduced in August 2023 by the llama.cpp project to better maintain backwards compatibility as support was added for other model architectures.
The model architecture remains largely unchanged from that of LLaMA-1 models, but 40% more data was used to train the foundational models. [26] The accompanying preprint [26] also mentions a model with 34B parameters that might be released in the future upon satisfying safety targets. LLaMa 2 includes foundation models and models fine-tuned for ...
Like earlier seq2seq models, the original transformer model used an encoder-decoder architecture. The encoder consists of encoding layers that process all the input tokens together one layer after another, while the decoder consists of decoding layers that iteratively process the encoder's output and the decoder's output tokens so far.
Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset.
It uses the encoder-only transformer architecture. It is notable for its dramatic improvement over previous state-of-the-art models, and as an early example of a large language model . As of 2020 [update] , BERT is a ubiquitous baseline in natural language processing (NLP) experiments.