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These protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles. Protease inhibitors that have been developed and are currently used in clinical practice include:
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and feeling tired. [4] More serious side effects include problems with QT prolongation, heart block, high blood lipids, and liver problems. [4] It appears to be safe in pregnancy. [4] It is in the protease inhibitor class and works by blocking the HIV protease. [4]
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headaches, feeling tired, and cough. [1] Serious side effects include liver disease, lactic acidosis, and worsening hepatitis B among those already infected. [1] It is safe for people over three months of age and can be used during pregnancy. [1] The medication can be taken with or without food. [1]
Nelfinavir is a protease inhibitor: it inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases. HIV protease is an aspartate protease which splits viral protein molecules into smaller fragments, and it is vital to both the replication of the virus within the cell, and also to the release of mature viral particles from an infected cell.
Protease inhibitors can alter adipocyte metabolism causing lipodystrophy, a common side effect associated with the use of most HIV protease inhibitors. Many mechanisms have been proposed, for example inhibition of adipocyte differentiation , triglyceride accumulation and increased lipolysis .
Efavirenz will lower the blood levels of most protease inhibitors, including amprenavir, atazanavir, and indinavir. [3] At lowered levels, protease inhibitors may not be effective in people taking both drugs, which means the virus that causes HIV/AIDS won't be stopped from replicating and may become resistant to the protease inhibitor.
The first HIV protease inhibitor approved by the FDA was saquinavir, which was designed to target wild-type HIV-1 protease. [27] However, this inhibitor is no longer effective due to resistance-causing mutations on the HIV-1 protease structure. The HIV genome has high plasticity, so has been able to become resistant to multiple HIV-1 protease ...
Common side effects include headache, nausea, yellowish skin, abdominal pain, trouble sleeping, and fever. [2] Severe side effects include rashes such as erythema multiforme and high blood sugar. [2] Atazanavir appears to be safe to use during pregnancy. [2] It is of the protease inhibitor (PI) class and works by blocking HIV protease. [2]
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