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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types. [3] Crohn's disease affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon ...
Worrisome or "alarm" features include onset at greater than 50 years of age, weight loss, blood in the stool, or a family history of inflammatory bowel disease. [7] Other conditions that may present similarly include celiac disease, microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, bile acid malabsorption, and colon cancer. [7]
[22] [23] Inflammatory bowel disease resulted in 47,400 deaths in 2015, [24] and those with Crohn's disease have a slightly reduced life expectancy. [1] Onset of Crohn's disease tends to start in adolescence and young adulthood, though it can occur at any age. [25] [1] [3] [26] Males and females are affected roughly equally. [3]
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the other type being Crohn's disease. [1] It is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. [1] [7] The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood (hematochezia). [1]
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. It was established in 1995 and is published by Oxford University Press. [1] It is the official journal of the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation. The editor-in-chief is Fabio Cominelli (Case Western Reserve University). [2]
In Africa and Asia these vaccines reduced severe disease among infants [45] and countries that have put in place national immunization programs have seen a decline in the rates and severity of disease. [46] [47] This vaccine may also prevent illness in non-vaccinated children by reducing the number of circulating infections. [48]
Remarkably, inhaled isopropyl alcohol can be used to provide nausea and vomiting relief. [39] [40] Alcohol intolerance and alcohol allergy, while often confused due to their overlapping symptoms, have distinct biological mechanisms. Alcohol intolerance is mainly due to genetic variations that affect the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). [24]
The anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody infliximab is a major biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Biological therapy, the use of medications called biopharmaceuticals or biologics that are tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease, plays a major role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. [1]