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Two grams of crack cocaine. Crack cocaine, commonly known simply as crack, and also known as rock, is a free base form of the stimulant cocaine that can be smoked. Crack offers a short, intense high to smokers. The Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment calls it the most addictive form of cocaine. [1]
The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
In the US, approximately 30% of suicides are related to alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse is also associated with increased risks of committing criminal offences including child abuse, domestic violence, rapes, burglaries and assaults. [27] Drug abuse, including alcohol and prescription drugs, can induce symptomatology which resembles mental illness.
Studies show that prenatal cocaine exposure (independent of other effects such as, for example, alcohol, tobacco, or physical environment) has no appreciable effect on childhood growth and development. [100] In 2007, he National Institute on Drug Abuse of the United States warned about health risks while cautioning against stereotyping:
Most cocaine use is recreational and its abuse potential is high (higher than amphetamine), and so its sale and possession are strictly controlled in most jurisdictions. Other tropane derivative drugs related to cocaine are also known such as troparil and lometopane but have not been widely sold or used recreationally.
When substituted amphetamines are used, drug tolerance develops rapidly. [8] Amphetamine dependence has shown to have the highest remission rate compared to cannabis, cocaine, and opioids. [9] Severe withdrawal associated with dependence from recreational substituted amphetamine use can be difficult for a user to cope with.
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) provides gender-specific guidelines for heavy drinking. According to NIAAA, men who consume five or more US standard drinks in a single day or 15 or more drinks within a week are considered heavy drinkers. For women, the threshold is lower, with four or more drinks in a day or eight ...
Substances involved with drug addiction include alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, and even foods with high fat and sugar content. [33] Addictions can begin experimentally in social contexts [34] and can arise from the use of prescribed medications or a variety of other measures. [35]