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The pampiniform plexus (from Latin pampinus 'tendril' and forma 'form') is a venous plexus – a network of many small veins found in the human male spermatic cord, and the suspensory ligament of the ovary. In the male, it is formed by the union of multiple testicular veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis.
Pampiniform plexus [1] Lymphatic vessels [1] The tunica vaginalis is located in front of the spermatic cord, outside it. [3] Clinical significance.
A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum; in a woman, it is an abnormal painful swelling to the embryologically identical pampiniform venous plexus; it is more commonly called pelvic compression syndrome. In the male varicocele, this plexus of veins drains blood from the testicles back to the
However, boreotherian mammals may have higher body temperatures than the other mammals and had to develop external testes to keep them cool. One argument is that mammals with internal testes, such as the monotremes, armadillos, sloths, elephants, and rhinoceroses, have a lower core body temperatures than those mammals with external testes.
Valveless testicular veins are a major contributing factor to varicocele. [1] Since the left testicular vein goes all the way up to the left renal vein before it empties, this results in a higher tendency for the left testicle to develop varicocele because of the gravity working on the column of blood in this vein, compared to the right internal spermatic vein.
While one may expect the female to have an equal prevalence of pelvic compression syndrome due to the identical embryological origin of the valveless pampiniform plexus, this condition is thought to be underdiagnosed due to the broad differential of the pain pattern: unilateral or bilateral pain, dull to sharp, constant to intermittent pain worsening with any increase in abdominal pressure.
plexus venosus: TA98: A12.0.00.011 A12.0.00.015 ... a venous plexus is a normal congregation anywhere in the body of multiple ... Pampiniform venous plexus; Prostatic ...
Normally, a group of veins known as pampiniform plexus cool the blood traveling to the testicles, allowing for them to remain at a temperature cooler than the core body heat. [14] In varicoceles, these veins become enlarged, which disrupts the cooling process leading to less properly functioning sperm being produced. [14]