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  2. South-up map orientation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South-up_map_orientation

    South-up map orientation is the orientation of a map with south up, at the top of the map, amounting to a 180-degree rotation of the map from the standard convention of north-up. Maps in this orientation are sometimes called upside down maps or reversed maps. [citation needed] Other maps with non-standard orientation include T and O maps, polar ...

  3. List of principal and guide meridians and base lines of the ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_principal_and...

    Figure 1. This BLM map depicts the principal meridians and baselines used for surveying states (colored) in the PLSS.. The following are the principal and guide meridians and base lines of the United States, with the year established and a brief summary of what areas' land surveys are based on each.

  4. Cardinal direction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction

    Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.

  5. Map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map

    The orientation of a map is the relationship between the directions on the map and the corresponding compass directions in reality. The word " orient " is derived from Latin oriens , meaning east. In the Middle Ages many maps, including the T and O maps , were drawn with east at the top (meaning that the direction "up" on the map corresponds to ...

  6. Map projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection

    A medieval depiction of the Ecumene (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection. In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane.

  7. Fra Mauro map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra_Mauro_map

    The Fra Mauro world map is unusual, but typical of Fra Mauro's portolan charts, in that its orientation is with the south at the top. One explanation for why the map places south at the top is that 15th-century compasses were south-pointing. [6] In addition, south at the top was used in Arab maps of the time.

  8. United States National Grid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Grid

    12" x 12" (30 cm x 30 cm) -- for trail heads and huts USNG ELM projects around the United States In the years since introduction, the USNG ELM program now includes vertical ELM versions for breakaway scenarios (e.g. mountain bike trails), ELM information signs, ELM stickers to retrofit trail posts, and corresponding apps such as USNGapp.org .

  9. Talk:South-up map orientation/Archive 1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:South-up_map...

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