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The distribution of Batak languages in northern Sumatra. Toba Batak is the majority language in the blue-colored areas labeled with its ISO 639-3 code "bbc". A Toba Batak speaker. Toba Batak (/ ˈ t oʊ b ə ˈ b æ t ə k / [2]) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is part of a group of languages called ...
Proto-Batak *kalak > Toba, Simalungun halak; Karo kalak 'person' Proto-Batak *dukut > Toba, Simalungun duhut; Karo dukut 'grass' Proto-Batak *h was lost in Toba, Angkola and Mandailing: Proto-Batak *pərəh > Toba poro, Simalungun poroh, Karo pereh /pərəh/ 'wring out' Proto-Batak final voiced stops *b, *d, and *g are retained only in Simalungun.
The Batak script (natively known as Surat Batak, Surat na Sampulu Sia (lit. ' the nineteen letters ' ), or Sisiasia ) is a writing system used to write the Austronesian Batak languages spoken by several million people on the Indonesian island of Sumatra .
These interior regions of Sumatra were still largely unknown to westerners at that time, so it was left to Van der Tuuk to decide which Batak language to research with a view to translating the Bible into it. In the end, he opted for Toba Batak. Van der Tuuk reached Java in 1849.
In addition to Indonesian, Bible translations (complete or partial) also available in more than 70 languages of Indonesia, some could be accessed online. In 2020, Jehovah's Witnesses published 4 complete bible translation into Batak Toba, Batak Karo, Javanese, and Nias language, also 1 NT translation into Sundanese. [6]
Horas (Toba Batak: ᯂᯬᯒᯘ᯲) is the Batak word to express gratefulness, happiness, and healthiness, however it is more commonly used as a simple greeting and goodbye. It is the equivalent to "hello" or "goodbye". [1] This word can be found in every Batak languages, with a few exceptions being; Batak Dairi and Batak Karo.
Karo, referred to in Indonesia as Bahasa Karo (Karo language), is an Austronesian language that is spoken by the Karo people of Indonesia. It is used by around 600,000 people in North Sumatra . It is mainly spoken in Karo Regency , southern parts of Deli Serdang Regency and northern parts of Dairi Regency , North Sumatra , Indonesia .
Simalungun, or Batak Simalungun, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken mainly in Simalungun Regency and Pematang Siantar , North Sumatra , Indonesia . Phonology