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The design of top-bar hives has its origins in the work done in 1965 by Tredwell and Paterson. [5] A tub shaped top-bar hive was trialled in Rhodesia in the 1960s by Penelope Papadopoulou. [6] Long top-bar hives began to appear in the 1960s and were first referred to as "grecian" hives also known as the "Anástomo" wicker skep. [7]
The National frames have a long top-bar to the frame (17 in or 430 mm) giving them long lugs of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (38 mm) that rest on the runners. In its original form, the National hive provides 3 ⁄ 8 in (9.5 mm) bottom beespace—that is, the top surface of the frame bar is flush with the top of the box, and the lower surface of the frame is ...
Langstroth used, however "about 1/2 inch" (13 mm) above the frame's top bars and "about 3/8 inch" (9.5 mm) between the frames and hive body. [29] Hives can be vertical or horizontal. There are three main types of modern hive in common use worldwide: the Langstroth hive; the top-bar hive; the Warre hive
Top-bar stackable hives use top bars instead of full frames. The most common type is the Warre hive, although any hive with hanging frames can be converted into a top-bar stackable hive by using only the top bar rather than the whole frame. This may work less well with larger frames, where crosscomb and attachment can occur more readily.
In contrast to August von Berlepsch's frame-movable, side-opened hive (May 1852, Germany), Langstroth's hive was top-opened, as was the Bevan top-bar hive (1848, UK). These combined adaptations led to the Langstroth hive design being preferred by beekeepers over all others, and variations on his hive are used throughout the world.
The management technique that yields the highest amount of wax per hive is the top-bar hive. During the harvest of the honey from top-bar hives the whole honey comb is removed and crushed to extract the honey. The commercial honey producers use Langstroth hive frames. The honey extraction process yields beeswax from the uncapping process.
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One top bar: It has two ears from which the frame hangs in the hive box. These are the only contact points with the box. Since L. L. Langstroth (around 1851), the middle part of the top bar is thicker, usually twice as thick as the ears (see picture above). It significantly reduces the building of wax over and between the frames.