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Today, motor oil in the US is generally sold in bottles of one U.S. quart (950 mL) and on a rarity in one-liter (33.8 U.S. fl oz) as well as in larger plastic containers ranging from approximately 4.4 to 5 liters (4.6 to 5.3 U.S. qt) due to most small to mid-size engines requiring around 3.6 to 5.2 liters (3.8 to 5.5 U.S. qt) of engine oil.
VCT is used in Ford's Triton 5.4L 3-valve V8 engine, the Australian Barra 182 and 240 Inline-6s, and Ford's 4.6L 3-valve V8 engine used in the 2006-2010 Ford Explorer and 2005-2010 Ford Mustang GT. The 2.0L Zetec inline-4 used in the 1998–2003 Ford Escort ZX2 , Ford Contour, and 1999–2002 Mercury Cougar used VCT on the exhaust camshaft.
The FB is built at Gunma Oizumi Plant and was initially available as a 2.5 litre displacement engine, starting in Forester models, with a 2.0 litre model to follow in Imprezas. [1] [4] 0W–20 oil is used to help fuel economy, and approximately 1 litre more oil is used as the newly adopted timing chain requires an oil supply. [2]
The solenoid valve regulates the amount of oil pumped by the cam action to either the valve or a bypass reservoir. When pressurized, the hydraulic line behaves like a solid body and transmits the lift schedule imparted by the intake cam directly to the intake valve. When the solenoid is disengaged, a spring takes over valve actuation duties.
An all new cylinder head was needed for the Audi-developed Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI), which features cylinder-direct fuel injection straight into the combustion chambers. The result of needing to site both spark plug and fuel injector meant that the former five-valve layout had to be changed to a four-valve-per-cylinder arrangement.
The final Volkswagen straight-five petrol engine was the Volkswagen EA855 2.5 litre 20v engine used in the North American Passat models until 2014. [19] The Volvo Modular engine was introduced in the 1991 Volvo 850 sedan and was used in various Volvo models, along with the Ford Focus ST and Ford Focus RS models.
It allows a V6 or V8 engine to "turn off" half of the cylinders under light-load conditions to improve fuel economy. Estimated performance on EPA tests shows a 5.5–7.5% improvement in fuel economy. [1] GM's Active Fuel Management [2] technology used a solenoid to deactivate the lifters on selected cylinders of a pushrod V-layout engine.
Particles in the oil can also cause serious problems with oil pressure. After oil flows through the engine, it returns to the oil pan, and can carry along a lot of debris. The debris can cause problems with the oil pickup screen and the oil pump itself. The holes in the oil pickup screen measure about 0.04 square inches (0.26 cm 2). [6]