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In mathematics, Kronecker's theorem is a theorem about diophantine approximation, introduced by Leopold Kronecker . Kronecker's approximation theorem had been firstly proved by L. Kronecker in the end of the 19th century. It has been now revealed to relate to the idea of n-torus and Mahler measure since the later half of the 20th century. In ...
Precisely, the Kronecker–Weber theorem states: every finite abelian extension of the rational numbers Q is a subfield of a cyclotomic field. That is, whenever an algebraic number field has a Galois group over Q that is an abelian group , the field is a subfield of a field obtained by adjoining a root of unity to the rational numbers.
In mathematics, Kronecker's lemma (see, e.g., Shiryaev (1996, Lemma IV.3.2)) is a result about the relationship between convergence of infinite sums and convergence of sequences. The lemma is often used in the proofs of theorems concerning sums of independent random variables such as the strong Law of large numbers .
Hilbert's twelfth problem is the extension of the Kronecker–Weber theorem on abelian extensions of the rational numbers, to any base number field.It is one of the 23 mathematical Hilbert problems and asks for analogues of the roots of unity that generate a whole family of further number fields, analogously to the cyclotomic fields and their subfields.
Leopold Kronecker was born on 7 December 1823 in Liegnitz, Prussia (now Legnica, Poland) in a wealthy Jewish family. His parents, Isidor and Johanna (née Prausnitzep), took care of their children's education and provided them with private tutoring at home—Leopold's younger brother Hugo Kronecker would also follow a scientific path, later becoming a notable physiologist.
The fundamental theorem for finite abelian groups was proven by Leopold Kronecker in 1870, [citation needed] using a group-theoretic proof, [4] though without stating it in group-theoretic terms; [5] a modern presentation of Kronecker's proof is given in (Stillwell 2012), 5.2.2 Kronecker's Theorem, 176–177.
Krener's theorem (control theory) Kronecker's theorem (Diophantine approximation) Kronecker–Weber theorem (number theory) Krull's principal ideal theorem (commutative algebra) Krull–Schmidt theorem (group theory) Kruskal's tree theorem (order theory) Kruskal–Katona theorem (combinatorics) Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem (dynamical systems)
12. Extensions of Kronecker's theorem on Abelian fields to any algebraic realm of rationality 13. Impossibility of the solution of the general equation of 7th degree by means of functions of only two arguments. 14. Proof of the finiteness of certain complete systems of functions. 15. Rigorous foundation of Schubert's enumerative calculus. 16.