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Lesion specific calcium score. The Agatston score, named after its developer Arthur Agatston, is a measure of calcium on a coronary CT calcium scan. [7] The original work, published in 1990, [8] was based on electron beam computed tomography (also known as ultrafast CT or EBCT). The score is calculated using a weighted value assigned to the ...
Specifically, it looks for calcium deposits in the coronary arteries that can narrow arteries and increase the risk of heart attack. [17] This severity can be presented as Agatston score or Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) score. The CAC score is an independent marker of risk for cardiac events, cardiac mortality, and all-cause mortality. [18]
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Coronary CT angiography (CTA or CCTA) is the use of computed tomography (CT) angiography to assess the coronary arteries of the heart.The patient receives an intravenous injection of radiocontrast and then the heart is scanned using a high speed CT scanner, allowing physicians to assess the extent of occlusion in the coronary arteries, usually in order to diagnose coronary artery disease.
Cardiac index is a critical parameter in evaluating cardiac performance and the adequacy of tissue perfusion. In healthy adults, the normal range of cardiac index is generally between 2.6 to 4.2 L/min/m². Values below this range may indicate hypoperfusion and are often seen in conditions such as heart failure, hypovolemia, and cardiogenic shock.
The Framingham Risk Score is a sex-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. The Framingham Risk Score was first developed based on data obtained from the Framingham Heart Study, to estimate the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease. [1]
Cardiac markers are biomarkers measured to evaluate heart function. They can be useful in the early prediction or diagnosis of disease. [ 1 ] Although they are often discussed in the context of myocardial infarction , other conditions can lead to an elevation in cardiac marker level.
Calcium deposits known as limbus sign may be visible in the eyes. [7] Symptoms are more common at high calcium blood values (12.0 mg/dL or 3 mmol/L). [6] Severe hypercalcaemia (above 15–16 mg/dL or 3.75–4 mmol/L) is considered a medical emergency: at these levels, coma and cardiac arrest can result.