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Xenotime is a rare-earth phosphate mineral, the major component of which is yttrium orthophosphate (Y P O 4). It forms a solid solution series with chernovite-(Y) ( Y As O 4 ) and therefore may contain trace impurities of arsenic , as well as silicon dioxide and calcium .
The mineral species Xenotime-(Gd) was approved by the IMA in 2023, [3] a description of the mineral was published in 2024 based on crystals found within gadolinium rich xenotime-(Y) sampled at the Zimná Voda quartz vein near Prakovce. [4] Besides yttrium, the examined type material bore further rare earth elements such as dysprosium, samarium ...
Xenotime has the highest fractionating power, then garnet and then monazite. In a simplified case of a clockwise P-T path involving garnet and monazite, garnet grows along a prograde path with Y continuously being incorporated, thus the Y content in monazite formed at this stage (prograde) should decrease progressively with higher grade.
The xenotime group is a grouping of minerals containing anhydrous phosphates and vanadates. Xenotime group members. Members of the xenotime group include: [1]
In 1839 the third source for rare earths became available. This is a mineral similar to gadolinite called uranotantalum (now called "samarskite") an oxide of a mixture of elements such as yttrium, ytterbium, iron, uranium, thorium, calcium, niobium, and tantalum. This mineral from Miass in the southern Ural Mountains was documented by Gustav Rose.
Xenotime, a REE phosphate, is the main HREE ore containing as much as 60% yttrium as yttrium phosphate (YPO 4). [56] This applies to xenotime-(Y). [ 61 ] [ 64 ] [ 60 ] The largest mine is the Bayan Obo deposit in China, making China the largest exporter for HREE since the closure of the Mountain Pass mine in the 1990s.
Thus an indication of these minerals being short in supply and allocated their title as 'rare' earth minerals. [4] Many rare-earth minerals include rare-earth elements which thus hold the same significant purpose of rare-earth minerals. [5] Earth's rare minerals have a wide range of purposes, including defense technologies and day-to-day uses. [6]
Geothermobarometry relies upon understanding the temperature and pressure of the formation of minerals within rocks. [1] There are several methods of measuring the temperature or pressure of mineral formation or re-equilibration relying for example on chemical equilibrium between minerals [1] [2] [3] or by measuring the chemical composition [4] [5] and/or the crystal-chemical state of order [6 ...