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Others relied upon the minister-physicians, barber-surgeons, apothecaries, midwives, and ministers; a few used colonial physicians trained either in Britain, or an apprenticeship in the colonies. One common treatment was blood letting. [2] The method was crude due to a lack of knowledge about infection and disease among medical practitioners ...
European infections and epidemics had major effects on Native American life in the colonial period and nineteenth century, especially. Afro-Eurasia was a crossroad among many distant, different peoples separated by hundreds, if not thousands, of miles.
The uprising was the first of a dozen similar incidents that took place in Alta California during the Mission Period; however, most rebellions tended to be localized and short-lived due to the Spaniards' superior weaponry (native resistance more often took the form of non-cooperation, desertion, and raids on mission livestock).
For example, the poppies Papaver californicum in California and Papaver somniferum were used to treat pain. Both species contain morphine and papaverine , powerful opiates . Several other medicinal parallels between the two cultures exist, including the use of diterpenoids and flavones to treat skin irritations and flavonols and tannins for ...
For example, scholars maintain that smallpox probably killed a third of the population in colonial Mexico but admit that there is no evidence to quantify the impact with certainty. [37] Jeffrey Ostler gives the example of the colonization of California as causing disease in the context of a structural genocide. [38]
At Synanon, sobriety was achieved not just with mutual support but through mob-directed brainwashing. If an addict broke the rules, he faced public humiliation, such as being forced to wear a sign around his neck or shave his head. A centerpiece of the treatment was a confrontational form of group therapy that became known as the Game.
The instance of California references the colonization and genocide of indigenous tribes by European Americans during the gold rush period. [7] The example in Hispaniola discusses the island's colonization by Columbus and other Spaniards and the genocide inflicted on the native Taíno people. [8]
Risk factors for infection include antibiotic or proton pump inhibitor use, hospitalization, hypoalbuminemia, [8] other health problems, and older age. [1] Diagnosis is by stool culture or testing for the bacteria's DNA or toxins. [1] If a person tests positive but has no symptoms, the condition is known as C. difficile colonization rather than ...