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A private copying levy (also known as blank media tax or levy) is a government-mandated scheme in which a special tax or levy (additional to any general sales tax) is charged on purchases of recordable media. Such taxes are in place in various countries and the income is typically allocated to the developers of "content".
Canada's private copying levy had the unforeseen result of temporarily creating an ACS for some kinds of P2P downloading. [4] In BMG v.Doe, a dictum suggested that this should also apply to uploading; but the dictum was criticised on appeal.
In many states, public employee pension plans are known as Public Employee Retirement Systems (PERS). Pension benefits may or may not be changed after an employee is hired, depending on the state and plan, as well as hiring date, years of service, and grandfathering. Retirement age in the public sector is usually lower than in the private sector.
This is the reason why mandatory collective management is often applied to rights to remuneration, including but not limited to, cases of transfer of rights by authors and performers to producers, or to private copying levies, in many countries.
“HB 6061 would undo a nearly 30-year-old pension reform that has been working effectively to manage financial risks and personnel costs for state agency employers and which has helped taxpayers ...
They point out alternative solutions to extract enhanced license fees from an online provider without restricting the rights of private users by filtering all uploads—i.e., by according private copying levy. [155]
Public pension systems are investing billions of dollars into private equity funds that purchase apartments and often sharply raise rent, an L.A. Times investigation found. The hidden role of ...
This list of largest pension funds in the United States involves two main groups: government pension funds for public employees and collectively bargained pension funds, jointly managed between employer and employee representatives after the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.