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Genghis Khan receiving Jin envoys. The Mongols learned that a famine had struck the Jin, [6] and invaded in 1211. [7] Two armies were dispatched by the Mongols into Jin territory, with one under the command of Genghis himself. [8] The Jin built up its armies and reinforced its cities in preparation for the Mongol incursion.
Genghis Khan [a] (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, [b] was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes , he launched a series of military campaigns , conquering large parts of China and Central Asia .
In 1229, Ögedei Khan, sent another Mongol army under the command of Kukday and Bubedey to conquer the region. This force defeated Bulgar frontier guards at the Ural River and occupied the upper Ural valley. In 1232 the Mongol cavalry subjugated the southeastern part of the Bashkiria and occupied southern portions of Volga Bulgaria.
Not including the mortality from the Plague in Europe, West Asia, or China [35] it is possible that between 20 and 57 million people were killed between 1206 and 1405 during the various campaigns of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, and Timur. [36] [37] [38] The havoc included battles, sieges, [39] early biological warfare, [40] and massacres. [41] [42]
Genghis Khan declared war in 1211, and while Mongols were victorious in the field, they were frustrated in their efforts to take major cities. In his typically logical and determined fashion, Genghis and his highly developed staff studied the problems of the assault of fortifications. With the help of Chinese engineers, they gradually developed ...
The Jurchen rulers of the Jin dynasty collected tribute from some of the nomadic tribes living on the Mongol steppes and encouraged rivalries among them. When the Mongols were unified under Khabul in the 12th century, the Jurchens encouraged the Tatars to destroy them, but the Mongols were able to drive Jin forces out of their territory.
The battle was fought in 9 February 1232 at the Sanfeng Mountain which is in the southwest of what is now the city Yuzhou in Henan Province, China. The battle resulted with a crushing Mongol victory, successfully planned and orchestrated by their general Subutai , and successfully wiped out the last field army of the Jin Dynasty, therefore ...
Tolui (c. 1191 –1232) was the youngest son of Genghis Khan and Börte.A prominent general during the early Mongol conquests, Tolui was a leading candidate to succeed his father after his death in 1227 and ultimately served as regent of the Mongol Empire until the accession of his brother Ögedei two years later.