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of or pertaining to the kidney: Greek νεφρός (nephrós), kidney nephrology: nerv-of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system (uncommon as a root: neuro-mostly always used) Latin nervus, tendon, nerve; cognate with Greek νεῦρον (neûron), tendon, string, nerve nerve, nervous system: neur-of or pertaining to nerves and the ...
The perichondrium (from Greek περί, peri, 'around' and χόνδρος, chondros, 'cartilage') is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone. It consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer.
The adjective renal, meaning related to the kidney, is from the Latin rēnēs, meaning kidneys; the prefix nephro-is from the Ancient Greek word for kidney, nephros (νεφρός). [37] For example, surgical removal of the kidney is a nephrectomy, while a reduction in kidney function is called renal dysfunction.
Cortical bone is the hard outer layer of bone; distinct from the spongy, inner cancellous bone tissue [2] Ovarian cortex is the outer layer of the ovary and contains the follicles. The lymph node cortex is the outer layer of the lymph node.
Cortisol reduces the capacity of osteoblasts to produce new bone tissue and decreases the absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract. [28] The adrenal gland secretes a basal level of cortisol but can also produce bursts of the hormone in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary.
The extraglomerular mesangial cells are adjacent to the intraglomerular mesangial cells that are located inside the glomerulus and in between the capillaries. [4] The primary function of mesangial cells is to remove trapped residues and aggregated protein from the basement membrane thus keeping the filter free of debris.
The outer layer of each kidney is made up of a fibrous sheath called a renal capsule. The peripheral layer of the kidney is called the cortex, and the inner layer is called the medulla. The medulla consists of pyramids (also called malpighian pyramids), ascending with their base to the cortex and forming together with it the renal lobe. [59]
Bone is a highly vascular tissue, and active formation of blood vessel cells, also from mesenchymal stem cells, is essential to support the metabolic activity of bone. The balance of bone formation and bone resorption tends to be negative with age, particularly in post-menopausal women, [ 7 ] often leading to a loss of bone serious enough to ...