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In epistemology (theory of knowledge), a self-evident proposition is a proposition that is known to be true by understanding its meaning without proof, [citation needed] and/or by ordinary human reason. Some epistemologists deny that any proposition can be self-evident.
If no proof is offered (in either direction), then the proposition can be called unproven, undecided, inconclusive, an open problem or a conjecture. In debates, appealing to ignorance is sometimes an attempt to shift the burden of proof. The term was likely coined by philosopher John Locke in the late 17th century. [3] [4]
Circular reasoning is not a formal logical fallacy, but a pragmatic defect in an argument whereby the premises are just as much in need of proof or evidence as the conclusion. As a consequence, the argument becomes a matter of faith and fails to persuade those who don't already accept it.
A negative claim may or may not exist as a counterpoint to a previous claim. A proof of impossibility or an evidence of absence argument are typical methods to fulfill the burden of proof for a negative claim. [13] [16] Philosopher Steven Hales argues that typically one can logically be as confident with the negation of an affirmation.
A post on X claims that tech mogul Elon Musk was refused service at a San Francisco coffee shop, and then turned it into a “technology hub” as retribution. Verdict: False There is no proof ...
A post on X claims that Tesla CEO Elon Musk once stated that instead of ending world hunger, he would focus on “making life harder for trans people.” Verdict: False There is no proof that he ...
Establishing the "burden of proof" – determining who made the initial claim and is thus responsible for providing evidence why his/her position merits acceptance. For the one carrying the "burden of proof", the advocate, to marshal evidence for his/her position in order to convince or force the opponent's acceptance.
An elderly straphanger was randomly shoved onto subway tracks at the Herald Square station in Manhattan on Sunday afternoon, according to police.