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The geology of Africa is varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent. The African continent rests over two main plates. The African Plate, accounting for the whole of north Africa, and the Somali Plate, which accounts for the eastern side of mid and southern Africa. [1]
Africa, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea The African plate , also known as the Nubian plate , is a major tectonic plate that includes much of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part ) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south.
Satellite view of Africa 1916 physical map of Africa. The average elevation of the continent approximates closely to 600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level, roughly near to the mean elevation of both North and South America, but considerably less than that of Asia, 950 m (3,120 ft). In contrast with other continents, it is marked by the comparatively ...
Brandberg massif Brukkaros volcano Geological map of Erongo Dinosaur track at Otjihaenamaparero Bushman's Paradise at Spitzkoppe Vingerklip Rangea scheiderhoehni is one of the special fossils from Namibia which is from the Ediacaran period. Specimen found in the Ediacaran Kliphoek member of the Dabis Formation on Farm Aar, near Aus, Namibia.
A map showing the location of the Atlas Mountains across North Africa. The basement rock of most of Africa was formed during the Precambrian supereon and is much older than the Atlas Mountains lying on the continent. The Atlas was formed during three subsequent phases of Earth's geology.
A map of East Africa showing some of the historically active volcanoes (as red triangles) and the Afar Triangle (shaded at the center), which is a so-called triple junction (or triple point) where three plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian plate and two parts of the African plate—the Nubian and Somali—splitting along the East African Rift Zone Main rift faults, plates ...
Approximate location of Mesoproterozoic (older than 1.3 Ga) cratons in South America and Africa (the Saharan Metacraton is not shown). The Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago. [11] As it cooled, the lithosphere, consisting of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle, solidified.
In respect of it being "a spectacular example of a magmatic concentric alkaline complex", the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) included the Richat Structure in its assemblage of 100 geological heritage sites around the world, in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as "a key place with ...