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In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
Incorrect HTML entity escaping may also open up security vulnerabilities for injection attacks such as cross-site scripting. If HTML attributes are left unquoted, certain characters, most importantly whitespace, such as space and tab, must be escaped using entities. Other languages related to HTML have their own methods of escaping characters.
Web pages authored using HyperText Markup Language may contain multilingual text represented with the Unicode universal character set.Key to the relationship between Unicode and HTML is the relationship between the "document character set", which defines the set of characters that may be present in an HTML document and assigns numbers to them, and the "external character encoding", or "charset ...
The description of entities equiv, Congruent has extra text after the Unicode name of its code point(s): -> Unicode name is "identical to" -> extra tailing text is "; sometimes used for 'equivalent to' or 'congruent'" The description of entities nequiv, NotCongruent has extra text after the Unicode name of its code point(s): -> Unicode name is ...
A numeric character reference (NCR) is a common markup construct used in SGML and SGML-derived markup languages such as HTML and XML. It consists of a short sequence of characters that, in turn, represents a single character. Since WebSgml, XML and HTML 4, the code points of the Universal Character Set (UCS) of Unicode are used.
In contrast, a character entity reference refers to a character by the name of an entity which has the desired character as its replacement text. The entity must either be predefined (built into the markup language) or explicitly declared in a Document Type Definition (DTD). The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name;
The left-to-right mark (LRM) is a control character (an invisible formatting character) used in computerized typesetting of text containing a mix of left-to-right scripts (such as Latin and Cyrillic) and right-to-left scripts (such as Arabic, Syriac, and Hebrew). It is used to set the way adjacent characters are grouped with respect to text ...
In fonts with monospaced digits, equal to the width of one digit. HTML/XML named entity:   punctuation space: U+2008: 8200 Yes: No Common: General Punctuation: Separator, space As wide as the narrow punctuation in a font, i.e. the advance width of the period or comma. [1] HTML/XML named entity:   thin space: U+2009: 8201 Yes: No ...