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The immune repertoire encompasses the different sub-types an organism's immune system makes of immunoglobulins or T-cell receptors. These help recognise pathogens in most vertebrates . The sub-types, all differing slightly from each other, can amount to tens of thousands, or millions in a given organism.
TCR-Seq (T-cell Receptor Sequencing) is a method used to identify and track specific T cells and their clones. [1] TCR-Seq utilizes the unique nature of a T-cell receptor (TCR) as a ready-made molecular barcode. [1] This technology can apply to both single cell sequencing technologies and high throughput screens [1]
V(D)J recombination (variable–diversity–joining rearrangement) is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. It results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (TCRs) found in B cells and T cells, respectively.
T cells need three signals to become fully activated. Signal 1 is provided by the T-cell receptor when recognising a specific antigen on a MHC molecule. Signal 2 comes from co-stimulatory receptors on T cell such as CD28, triggered via ligands presented on the surface of other immune cells such as CD80 and CD86. These co-stimulatory receptors ...
Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are polypeptide segments of the variable chains in immunoglobulins (antibodies) and T cell receptors, generated by B-cells and T-cells respectively. CDRs are where these molecules bind to their specific antigen and their structure/sequence determines the binding activity of the respective antibody.
The T cell receptor requires CD8 as a coreceptor to bind to MHC class I, and CD4 as a coreceptor to bind MHC class II. At this stage thymocytes upregulate both CD4 and CD8, becoming double positive cells. Double positive thymocytes that have a T cell receptor capable of binding MHC class I or class II (even with a weak affinity) receive ...
More specifically, central tolerance is necessary because T cell receptors (TCRs) and B cell receptors (BCRs) are made by cells through random somatic rearrangement. [1] This process, known as V(D)J recombination , is important because it increases the receptor diversity which increases the likelihood that B cells and T cells will have ...
Recombination signal sequences guide the enzyme complex to the V, D, and J gene segments that will undergo recombination during the formation of the heavy and light-chain variable regions in T-cell receptors and immunoglobulin molecules. [1]