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The exact cause of an epididymal cyst is unknown, but it is most likely a congenital anomaly associated with hormonal imbalances during embryonic life. [3] Previous research has shown a correlation between the development of epididymal cysts and maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting substances like diethylstilbestrol during male fetal development.
testicular microlithiasis on ultrasound. Testicular microlithiasis is an unusual condition diagnosed on testicular ultrasound. It is believed to be found in 0.1–0.6% of males globally, with frequency varying based on geographic location and is more often found in individuals with subfertility.
Some spermatoceles are very small and can only be detected through an ultrasound. More commonly seen are spermatoceles that are a pea-sized lump. They tend to form above or behind a testicle and have a shape and size that looks like a pea. Larger growths have been reported to look similar to a third testicle and can be very discomforting. [22]
Varicocele might be noticed as soft lumps, usually above the testicle and mostly on the left side of the scrotum. [5] Right-sided and bilateral varicocele does also occur. Men with varicocele can feel symptoms of pain or heaviness in their scrotum. [5] Large varicoceles present as plexus of veins and may be described as a "bag of worms".
A 45 year old man presented with right testicular chronic pain. He had a vasectomy 7 years ago. Upon physical examination and an ultrasound, a solid nodule in the right epididymis was found, and medical staff suspected a tumor. After findings of sperm that had undergone phagocytosis, a final diagnosis of sperm granuloma was determined. [14]
In the testis pure embryonal carcinoma is also uncommon, and accounts for approximately ten percent of testicular germ cell tumours. However, it is present as a component of almost ninety percent of mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumours. The average age at diagnosis is 31 years, and typically presents as a testicular lump which may be painful.
Partial resection of the hydrocele sac, leaving a margin of 1–2 cm. Care is taken not to injure testicular vessels, epididymis, or ductus deferens. The edge of the hydrocele sac is oversewn for hemostasis ( von Bergmann 's technique) or the edges are sewn together behind the spermatic cord (Winkelmann's or Jaboulay's technique).
Varicoceles are more common on the left side due to the following reasons (a) The left testicular vein is longer; (b) the left testicular vein enters the left renal vein at a right angle; (c) the left testicular artery in some men arches over the left renal vein, thereby compressing it; and (d) the descending colon distended with feces may ...