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England remained an example of a country whose territorial administration relied solely on local government bodies until the end of the 19th century. They had broad powers and evolved towards decentralization. In the 19th century, local government reforms were carried out. [g] [14] The first stage, initiated between 1832 and 1835, concerned ...
Access to education increased rapidly during the 19th century. State funded schools were established in England and Wales for the first time. Education became compulsory for pre-teenaged children in England, Scotland and Wales. Literacy rates increased rapidly and had become nearly universal by the end of the century.
There was no catastrophic epidemic or famine in England or Scotland in the nineteenth century—it was the first century in which a major epidemic did not occur throughout the whole country, and deaths per 1000 of population per year in England and Wales fell from 21.9 from 1848 to 1854 to 17 in 1901 (cf, for instance, 5.4 in 1971). [6]
Britain handled foreign policy and defence. The second half of the 19th century saw a major expansion of Britain's colonial empire in Asia and Africa as well as the Pacific. In the "Scramble for Africa", the boast was having the Union Jack flying from "Cairo to Cape Town." Britain defended its empire with the world's dominant navy, and a small ...
L. List of parliamentary boroughs and associated county constituencies 1832–1918; List of recipients of the George Medal, 1960s–1980s; List of United Kingdom by-elections (1801–1806)
Pages in category "19th century in England" The following 37 pages are in this category, out of 37 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A. Alcott House;
Medieval England: A Social History and Archaeology from the Conquest to 1600 A.D (1994) [ISBN missing] Pope, Rex. Social Welfare in Britain 1885-1985 (2017) Pope, Rex. Atlas of British Social and Economic History Since c.1700 (1989) Porter, Roy. English Society in the Eighteenth Century (2nd ed. 1991) excerpt; Royle, Edward.
The 19th century was an era of rapidly accelerating scientific discovery and invention, with significant developments in the fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, electricity, and metallurgy that laid the groundwork for the technological advances of the 20th century. [4]