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Some of the small polyps in the field defect shown in the photo of the opened colon segment may be relatively benign neoplasms. Of polyps less than 10mm in size, found during colonoscopy and followed with repeat colonoscopies for 3 years, 25% were unchanged in size, 35% regressed or shrank in size while 40% grew in size. [56]
Some polyps are tumors and others are non-neoplastic, for example hyperplastic or dysplastic, which are benign. The neoplastic ones are usually benign, although some can be pre-malignant, or concurrent with a malignancy. The name is of ancient origin, in use in English from about 1400 for a nasal polyp, from Latin polypus through Greek. [1]
A colorectal polyp is a polyp (fleshy growth) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum. [1] Untreated colorectal polyps can develop into colorectal cancer. [2] Colorectal polyps are often classified by their behaviour (i.e. benign vs. malignant) or cause (e.g. as a consequence of inflammatory bowel disease).
Upon histopathology of resected gallbladders, gallbladder polyps may be classified into the following main types: [4] Non-neoplastic polyps: Cholesterol, hyperplastic, and inflammatory polyps, adenomyomas, leiomyomas, fibromas, and lipomas; Neoplastic polyps: adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas
Benign tumors do not encompass all benign growths. Skin tags, vocal chord polyps, and hyperplastic polyps of the colon are often referred to as benign, but they are overgrowths of normal tissue rather than neoplasms. [36]
Gastrointestinal pathology (including liver, gallbladder and pancreas) is a recognized sub-specialty discipline of surgical pathology.Recognition of a sub-specialty is generally related to dedicated fellowship training offered within the subspecialty or, alternatively, to surgical pathologists with a special interest and extensive experience in gastrointestinal pathology.
While the majority of the polyps found in juvenile polyposis syndrome are non-neoplastic, hamartomatous, self-limiting and benign, there is an increased risk of adenocarcinoma. Solitary juvenile polyps most commonly occur in the rectum and present with rectal bleeding.
Ischaemic fasciitis, previously termed atypical decubital fibroplasia or decubital ischemic fasciitis, was thought to be a non-neoplastic lesion and to occur only in the deep subcutaneous tissue at pressure points or bone prominences but more recently has been found to be a benign neoplasm that can occur in a wider range of tissue sites. [5] [6]