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A 12-row/80-column IBM punched card from the mid-twentieth century. A punched card (also punch card [1] or punched-card [2]) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines.
Hollerith punched card Hollerith's grave at Oak Hill Cemetery in Georgetown in Washington, D.C. [15] Hollerith had left teaching and began working for the United States Census Bureau in the year he filed his first patent application. Titled "Art of Compiling Statistics", it was filed on September 23, 1884; U.S. Patent 395,782 was granted on ...
[3] Hollerith used punched cards with round holes, 12 rows, and 24 columns. The cards measured 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 by 6 + 5 ⁄ 8 inches (83 by 168 mm). [4] His tabulator used electromechanical solenoids to increment mechanical counters. A set of spring-loaded wires were suspended over the card reader. The card sat over pools of mercury, pools ...
1960: The IBM 609 Calculator, an improved 608 with core memory. This will be IBMs last punched card calculator. [63] Many organizations were loath to alter systems that were working, so production unit record installations remained in operation long after computers offered faster and more cost effective solutions.
The Remington Rand 409, a punched card calculator which was programmed with a plugboard, was designed in 1949. [citation needed] It was sold in two models: the UNIVAC 60 (1952) and the UNIVAC 120 (1953). The model number referred to the number of decimal digits it could read from each punched card. [1]
The second one was a programmable mechanical calculator, his analytical engine, which Babbage started to design in 1834; "in less than two years he had sketched out many of the salient features of the modern computer. A crucial step was the adoption of a punched card system derived from the Jacquard loom" [12] making it infinitely programmable ...
The card-programmed calculators used fields on punched cards not to specify the actual operations to be performed on data, but which "microprogram" hard-coded onto the plugboard of the IBM 604 or 605 calculator machine; a set of cards produced different results when used with different plugboards. The units could be configured to retain up to ...
In 1949, Remington Rand designed the Remington Rand 409, a control panel programmed punched card calculator (but not introduced as a product until 1952 as the UNIVAC 60 then in 1953 as the UNIVAC 120 with double the memory). [17]