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  2. Synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse

    The synapse is the primary unit of information transfer in the nervous system, and correct synaptic contact creation during development is essential for normal brain function. In addition, several mutations have been connected to neurodevelopmental disorders, and that compromised function at different synapse locations is a hallmark of ...

  3. Chemical synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synapse

    The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 10 14 to 5 × 10 14 (100–500 trillion) synapses. [1] Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 10 9) of them. [2] The number of synapses in the human cerebral cortex has separately been estimated at 0.15 quadrillion (150 trillion) [3]

  4. Brain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

    The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; [12] even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. [13]

  5. Synaptogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptogenesis

    For instance, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is produced by the brain and regulates several functions within the developing synapse, including enhancement of transmitter release, increased concentration of vesicles, and cholesterol biosynthesis. Cholesterol is essential to synaptogenesis because the lipid rafts that it forms provide a ...

  6. Excitatory synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_synapse

    Animation showing the function of a chemical synapse. There are two different kinds of synapses present within the human brain: chemical and electrical. Chemical synapses are by far the most prevalent and are the main player involved in excitatory synapses.

  7. Human brain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain

    Information about the structure and function of the human brain comes from a variety of experimental methods, including animals and humans. Information about brain trauma and stroke has provided information about the function of parts of the brain and the effects of brain damage. Neuroimaging is used to visualise the brain and record brain ...

  8. Synaptic pruning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_pruning

    The three models explaining synaptic pruning are axon degeneration, axon retraction, and axon shedding. In all cases, the synapses are formed by a transient axon terminal, and synapse elimination is caused by the axon pruning. Each model offers a different method in which the axon is removed to delete the synapse.

  9. List of animals by number of neurons - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_by_number...

    The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Neuron counts constitute an important source of insight on the topic of neuroscience and intelligence : the question of how the evolution of a set of components and parameters (~10 11 neurons, ~10 14 synapses) of a complex system leads to ...