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The US Navy Diving Manual gives conversion factors for "fw" (feet water) based on a fresh water density of 62.4 lb/ft 3 and for fsw based on a sea water density of 64.0 lb/ft 3. [1] One standard metre sea water equals: [1] 3.263 36 fsw; 102.018 cmH 2 O at 15 °C; 0.1 bar by definition; 10.0 kPa, in SI units; 100 000 Ba, in cgs units
The standard atmosphere was originally defined as the pressure exerted by a 760 mm column of mercury at 0 °C (32 °F) and standard gravity (g n = 9.806 65 m/s 2). [2] It was used as a reference condition for physical and chemical properties, and the definition of the centigrade temperature scale set 100 °C as the boiling point of water at this pressure.
300 kPa 50 psi Water pressure of a garden hose [58] 300 to 700 kPa 50–100 psi Typical water pressure of a municipal water supply in the US [59] 358 to 524 kPa: 52-76 psi Threshold of pain for objects outside the human body hitting it [60] 400 to 600 kPa 60–90 psi Carbon dioxide pressure in a champagne bottle [61] 520 kPa 75 psi
A newton is equal to 1 kg⋅m/s 2, and a kilogram-force is 9.80665 N, [3] meaning that 1 kgf/cm 2 equals 98.0665 kilopascals (kPa). In some older publications, kilogram-force per square centimetre is abbreviated ksc instead of kg/cm 2 .
For example, IUPAC has, since 1982, defined standard reference conditions as being 0 °C and 100 kPa (1 bar), in contrast to its old standard of 0 °C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm). [2] The new value is the mean atmospheric pressure at an altitude of about 112 metres, which is closer to the worldwide median altitude of human habitation (194 m). [10]
Convert mmHg to SI units as follows: 1 mmHg = 0.133 32 kPa. Hence the normal blood pressure in SI units is less than 16.0 kPa SBP and less than 10.7 kPa DBP. These values are similar to the pressure of water column of average human height; so pressure has to be measured on arm roughly at the level of the heart.
One atmosphere (101.325 kPa or 14.7 psi) is also the pressure caused by the weight of a column of freshwater of approximately 10.3 m (33.8 ft). Thus, a diver 10.3 m under water experiences a pressure of about 2 atmospheres (1 atm of air plus 1 atm of water).
The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa), which is a very small unit relative to atmospheric pressure on Earth, so kilopascals (kPa) are more commonly used in this context. The ambient atmospheric pressure at sea level is not constant: it varies with the weather, but averages around 100 kPa.