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Opioid-induced endocrinopathy (OIE) is a complication of chronic opioid treatment. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a common name for all hypothalamo-pituitary axis disorders, which can be observed mostly after long term use of opioids, both as a treatment and as a substance of abuse .
The "CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain-United States, 2022" provides recommendations related to opioid misuse, OUD, and opioid overdoses. [18] It reports a lack of clinical evidence that "abuse-deterrent" opioids (e.g., OxyContin), as labeled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration , are effective for OUD risk ...
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity, also called paradoxical hyperalgesia, is an uncommon condition of generalized pain caused by the long-term use of high dosages of opioids [1] such as morphine, [2] oxycodone, [3] and methadone. [4] [5] OIH is not necessarily confined to the original affected site. [6]
The heroin and opioid abuse epidemic is hitting America hard with heroin use more than doubling in the past decade among young adults, according to the CDC. While the dire statistics tell the ...
Opioids, such as fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone, are used to treat post-surgery pain and chronic pain. [6] Opioids work by affecting the brain cells and reducing the perception of pain. [ 7 ] Other side effects include euphoria , mood changes, and the clouding or complete loss of consciousness. [ 8 ]
Different drug classes have different side effects. Long-term medical conditions induced by opioid include infection, hyperalgesia, opioid-induced bowel syndrome, opioid-related leukoencephalopathy and opioid amnestic syndrome. [32] Misuse of prescribed opioids medications is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. [37]
Methadone, sold under the brand names Dolophine and Methadose among others, is a synthetic opioid used medically to treat chronic pain and opioid use disorder. [7] Prescribed for daily use, the medicine relieves cravings and opioid withdrawal symptoms. [10]
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