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An excess of vitamin D causes abnormally high blood concentrations of calcium, which can cause overcalcification of the bones, soft tissues, heart and kidneys. In addition, hypertension can result. [2] Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity may include the following: Dehydration; Vomiting; Diarrhea; Decreased appetite; Irritability; Constipation ...
The impairment of bone metabolism causes inadequate bone mineralization. Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets, and because of this, use of the term "osteomalacia" is often restricted to the milder, adult form of the disease. Signs and symptoms can include diffuse body pains, muscle weakness, and fragility of the bones.
Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with many neurological conditions. However, an actual mechanism of action for each of the conditions has yet to be solidified. Many researchers have questioned whether the depletion of vitamin D actually causes these disorders or if vitamin D deficiency is a symptom of these disorders. [medical citation needed]
In those with greater levels or rapid onset, symptoms may include abdominal pain, bone pain, confusion, depression, weakness, kidney stones or an abnormal heart rhythm including cardiac arrest. [1] [2] Most outpatient cases are due to primary hyperparathyroidism and inpatient cases due to cancer. [1]
Mapping of several bone diseases onto levels of vitamin D (calcidiol) in the blood [6] Normal bone vs. osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body.
Vitamin D deficiency, especially in early life, is linked to an increased risk of autoimmune conditions, such as type 1 diabetes. Autoimmune diseases can be caused by a failure of T cells, a type ...
Insufficient vitamin D synthesis such as defective 25-hydroxylation, 1-alpha hydroxylase, and 1-alpha 25-hydroxylation can also contribute to vitamin D deficiency. Lack of vitamin D leads to reduced calcium absorption by the intestine leading to hypocalcemia and increased parathyroid hormone secretion. This increases bone resorption.
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