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The ushabti (also called shabti or shawabti, with a number of variant spellings) was a funerary figurine used in ancient Egyptian funerary practices. The Egyptological term is derived from đ ąđđđđđž wšbtj, which replaced earlier đˇđŻđđđđž šwbtj, perhaps the nisba of đđŻđđ šwęŁb "Persea tree".
The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of funerary practices that they believed were necessary to ensure their immortality after death. These rituals included mummifying the body , casting magic spells , and burials with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the afterlife .
Wooden tomb models were deposited as grave goods in the tombs and burial shafts throughout early Egyptian History, most notably in the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. They included a wide variety of wooden figurines and scenes, such as boats, granaries , baking and brewing scenes and butchery scenes.
An excavation within an elaborate ancient cemetery has revealed 63 tombs from more than 2,500 years ago as well as artifacts such as gold figures, pottery and coins.
A special category of Ancient Egyptian funerary texts clarify the purposes of the burial customs. The early mastaba type of tomb had a sealed underground burial chamber but an offering-chamber on the ground level for visits by the living, a pattern repeated in later types of tomb.
Such funerary and commemorative reliefs were first developed in Ancient Egyptian and Etruscan cultures, and appear most frequently in Western European tombs from the late 11th century, in a style that continued in use through the Renaissance and early modern period, and is still sometimes used. They typically represent the deceased in a state ...