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In construction, the costs of materials, labor, equipment, etc., and all directly involved efforts or expenses for the cost object are direct costs. In manufacturing or other non-construction industries, the portion of operating costs that is directly assignable to a specific product or process is a direct cost. [4]
Cost of goods sold (COGS) (also cost of products sold (COPS), or cost of sales [1]) is the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period. Costs are associated with particular goods using one of the several formulas, including specific identification, first-in first-out (FIFO), or average cost.
Cost accounting is defined by the Institute of Management ... Direct costs are directly ... of an increase or a decrease in sales volume. For example, assume that the ...
Total cost of ownership (TCO) is a financial estimate intended to help buyers and owners determine the direct and indirect costs of a product or service. It is a management accounting concept that can be used in full cost accounting or even ecological economics where it includes social costs .
In the FIFO example above, the company (Foo Co.), using LIFO accounting, would expense the cost associated with the first 75 units at $59, 125 more units at $55, and the remaining 10 units at $50. Under LIFO, the total cost of sales for November would be $11,800. The ending inventory would be calculated the following way:
Direct materials cost. Direct labor cost. Manufacturing overhead cost. Non-manufacturing costs are those costs that are not directly incurred in manufacturing a product. [11] Examples of such costs are salary of sales personnel and advertising expenses. Generally, non-manufacturing costs are further classified into two categories: [12]
Fixed costs have an effect on the nature of certain variable costs. For example, a retailer must pay rent and utility bills irrespective of sales. As another example, for a bakery the monthly rent and phone line are fixed costs, irrespective of how much bread is produced and sold; on the other hand, the wages are variable costs, as more workers ...
Cost of revenue can be found in the company income statement. Generally, any costs that are directly connected with manufacturing and distribution of goods and services can be added to cost of revenue (i.e. direct costs). Indirect costs (e.g. depreciation, salaries paid to management or other fixed costs) are excluded.