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The femur (/ ˈ f iː m ər /; pl.: femurs or femora / ˈ f ɛ m ər ə /), [1] [2] or thigh bone, is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg .
The major bones of the leg are the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and adjacent fibula, and these are all long bones. The patella (kneecap) is the sesamoid bone in front of the knee . Most of the leg skeleton has bony prominences and margins that can be palpated and some serve as anatomical landmarks that define the extent of the leg.
Femur (2) Patella or kneecap (2) Tibia (2) Fibula (2) Foot (52 bones in total, 26 per foot) Tarsus. Calcaneus or heel bone (2) Talus (2) Navicular bone (2) Medial cuneiform bone (2) Intermediate cuneiform bone (2) Lateral cuneiform bone (2) Cuboid bone (2) Metatarsals (10) Phalanges of the foot (28 bones in total, 14 per foot) Proximal ...
The other two borders of the femur are only slightly marked: the lateral border extends from the antero-inferior angle of the greater trochanter to the anterior extremity of the lateral condyle; the medial border from the intertrochanteric line, at a point opposite the lesser trochanter, to the anterior extremity of the medial condyle.
The lower extremity of femur (or distal extremity) is the lower end of the femur (thigh bone) in human and other animals, closer to the knee. It is larger than the upper extremity of femur, is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior; it consists of two oblong eminences known as the lateral condyle and medial condyle.
Same point of view as above of right femur from behind. Greater trochanter is labeled at right. The greater trochanter of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system. It is directed lateral and medially and slightly posterior. In the adult it is about 2–4 cm lower than the femoral head. [1]
The femoral triangle is bounded: [2] superiorly (also known as the base) by the inguinal ligament. [2]medially by the medial border of the adductor longus muscle. (Some people consider the femoral triangle to be smaller hence the medial border being at the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle.) [2]
Designations of abnormal femur angles. In the female, in consequence of the increased width of the pelvis, the neck of the femur forms more nearly a right angle with the body than it does in the male. It is smaller in short than in long bones, and when the pelvis is wide.