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Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, and irrationality .
The word is often used to refer to preconceived, usually unfavorable, judgments toward people or a person because of gender, political opinion, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language, nationality, or other personal characteristics.
Egocentric bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on one's own perspective and/or have a different perception of oneself relative to others. [35] The following are forms of egocentric bias: Bias blind spot , the tendency to see oneself as less biased than other people, or to be able to identify more cognitive biases in others than in oneself.
preconceived notions; nonscientific beliefs; conceptual misunderstandings; vernacular misconceptions; factual misconceptions; Preconceived notions are thinking about a concept in only one way. Specially heat, gravity, and energy. Once a person knows how something works it is difficult to imagine it working a different way.
"Schema" comes from the Greek word schēmat or schēma, meaning "figure". [7]Prior to its use in psychology, the term "schema" had primarily seen use in philosophy.For instance, "schemata" (especially "transcendental schemata") are crucial to the architectonic system devised by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason.
Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias [a] or congeniality bias [2]) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. [3]
One can be prejudiced against or have a preconceived notion about someone due to any characteristic they find to be unusual or undesirable. A few commonplace examples of prejudice are those based on someone's race, gender, nationality, social status, sexual orientation, or religious affiliation, and controversies may arise from any given topic.
Unconscious perception, where people unconsciously infer, from data they have unconsciously learned, that a certain event will probably happen in a certain context. When the event occurs, the former knowledge appears to have been acquired without the aid of recognised channels of information.