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Contains two ball-valve units connected with a spring. Does not have an adjustable pressure setting. First mass-produced valve used to treat hydrocephalus in 1956. [5] Spitz-Holter Uses slits in silicone to avoid mechanical failure. [6] [7] Anti-siphon Prevents over drainage by preventing the siphon effect. The device closes when the pressure ...
An external ventricular drain (EVD), also known as a ventriculostomy or extraventricular drain, is a device used in neurosurgery to treat hydrocephalus and relieve elevated intracranial pressure when the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the brain is obstructed.
Hydrocephalus can be classified via mechanism into communicating, noncommunicating, ex vacuo, and normal pressure hydrocephalus. Diagnosis is made by physical examination and medical imaging, such as a CT scan. [1] Hydrocephalus is typically treated through surgery. One option is the placement of a shunt system. [1]
Whereas at first it was almost exclusively performed in patients with noncommunicating obstructive hydrocephalus (e.g. aqueductal stenosis or intracerebral tumor), in the present day patients with communicating obstructive hydrocephalus (e.g. post intracranial hemorrhage or post intracranial infection) also may be eligible for treatment by ...
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), also called malresorptive hydrocephalus, is a form of communicating hydrocephalus in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the ventricles, leading to normal or slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
The enlarged skull of a person with hydrocephalus, which is a symptom of the excess CSF in the ventricular system. This may be caused by aqueductal stenosis, and in some cases, it is thought that hydrocephalus will cause aqueductal stenosis. Many of the signs and symptoms of aqueductal stenosis are similar to those of hydrocephalus.
Low-pressure hydrocephalus (LPH) is a condition whereby ventricles are enlarged and the individual experiences severe dementia, inability to walk, and incontinence – despite very low intracranial pressure (ICP). [1] Low pressure hydrocephalus appears to be a more acute form of normal pressure hydrocephalus. If not diagnosed in a timely ...
Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain. [31] Hydrocephalus can occur because of obstruction of the passage of CSF, such as from an infection, injury, mass, or congenital abnormality. [31] [32] Hydrocephalus without obstruction associated with normal CSF pressure may also occur. [31]