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Sanskrit as a language competed with numerous, less exact vernacular Indian languages called Prakritic languages (prākṛta-). The term prakṛta literally means "original, natural, normal, artless", states Franklin Southworth. [53] The relationship between Prakrit and Sanskrit is found in Indian texts dated to the 1st millennium CE.
These Indian Sanskrit language disciples also had an influence on Himalayan cultures, like Tibet, which not only adopted Buddhist religious literature but also these secular works. [88] The Tibetan scholar Sakya Pandita (1182–1251) was a well known scholar of Sanskrit, and promoted the study of these secular disciplines among Tibetans.
Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. There are four Vedas , and these constitute the Hindu canon (but they are largely religious scriptures, some telling it to be God's words).
Composed in Vedic Sanskrit hymns, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Hindus consider the Vedas to be timeless revelation, [ 16 ] apauruṣeya , which means "not of a man, superhuman" [ 20 ] and "impersonal, authorless".
When Devanāgarī is used for writing languages other than Sanskrit, conjuncts are used mostly with Sanskrit words and loan words. Native words typically use the basic consonant and native speakers know to suppress the vowel when it is conventional to do so. For example, the native Hindi word karnā is written करना (ka-ra-nā). [60]
The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the Atharvaveda. The Vedas (/ ˈ v eɪ d ə z / [4] or / ˈ v iː d ə z /; [5] Sanskrit: वेदः, romanized: Vēdaḥ, lit. 'knowledge'), sometimes collectively called the Veda, are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
Hinduism is an ancient religion, with denominations such as Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism, among others. [1] [2] Each tradition has a long list of Hindu texts, with subgenre based on syncretization of ideas from Samkhya, Nyaya, Yoga, Vedanta and other schools of Hindu philosophy.
The word Hindu is an exonym. [86] [87] This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan [88] and Sanskrit [88] [70] word Sindhu, which means "a large body of water", covering "river, ocean". [89] [d] It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries.